Visualize Shell History
注:代码写得很烂,不过感觉挺好玩所以写在这里。欢迎各路大牛指教。完整代码见github/reverland/scripts/tagcloud.py
曾经在linux用户中流行这么一个命令
~ ⮀ history | awk '{CMD[$2]++;count++;} END { for (a in CMD )print CMD[ a ]" " CMD[ a ]/count*100 "% " a }' | grep -v "./" | column -c3 -s " " -t |sort -nr | nl | head -n20
1 852 24.3012% sudo
2 376 10.7245% pacman
3 163 4.64917% vim
4 133 3.7935% tsocks
5 101 2.88078% cd
6 95 2.70964% kill
7 88 2.50998% eix
8 70 1.99658% python2
9 70 1.99658% emerge
10 69 1.96805% ls
11 63 1.79692% git
12 54 1.54022% gcc
13 51 1.45465% pip2
14 39 1.11238% python
15 37 1.05533% pip
16 37 1.05533% nmap
17 35 0.998289% su
18 32 0.912721% xrandr
19 31 0.884199% rvm
20 27 0.770108% ssh
多cool的一个命令……我完全看不懂awk啥的……几天前看The practice of computing using python,上面讲到简单的文本处理和标签云,便想到把shell history用标签云的方式可视化出来。就是这样,我啥也不会。
先把shell历史定向到一个文件中吧,或者把zsh_history啥复制下
history > hist.txt
然后如何可视化呢?抱着有需求先搜寻有没有开源实现的想法找到了pytagcloud,稍加调整,生成的标签云相当漂亮:
oops!好大两个“异常词”,这么说一看我就是sudo党了,而且是经常滚的arch党……
为了看清更多细节,反映更多客观事实把这两个词去掉
看上去好多了………
pytagcloud还提供生成html数据的函数,你可以在线看看效果:
自己动手
其实自己实现类似的效果很简单,获得更明晰的理解和灵活性。
先给出以下要用的控制大小的参数,后面将直接用到它们。你可能需要多次调整来探索适合自己的数值,事实上,为了生成不同文本的标签云我试过了几十次。
boxsize = 600
basescale = 10
fontScale = 0.5
omitnumber = 5
omitlen = 0
文本处理
我们刚才保存的hits文件是这样的:
2480 pacman -Ss synap
2481 sudo pacman -S synaptiks
2482 synaptiks
2483 pypy
2484 vim pypy.py
2485 pypy pypy.py
2486 pip2 freeze
2487 pip2 freeze|grep flask
2488 pip2 install Flask
2489 pip2 install --upgrade Flask
显然我们只要每行第二个词就行,这个任务很简单,我选择先将所有命令合并成一个大字符串,因为最开始我是直接用pytagcloud来生成标签云的,而它的示例代码用的是整个字符串:
def cmd2string(filename):
'''accept the filename and return the string of cmd'''
chist = []
# Open the file and store the history in chist
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
chist = f.readlines()
# print chist
for i in range(len(chist)):
chist[i] = chist[i].split()
chist[i] = chist[i][1]
ss = ''
for w in chist:
if w != 'sudo' and w != 'pacman':
ss = ss + ' ' + w
return ss
接着将字符串转换成字典,单词为键,出现次数为值:
def string2dict(string, dic):
"""split a string into a dict record its frequent"""
wl = string.split()
for w in wl:
if w == '\n': # 因为后来我看到中文分词结果中有\n...
continue
if w not in dic:
dic[w] = 1
else:
dic[w] += 1
return dic
接下来的两个函数来自之前我提到的那本书,稍微改动下让它在firefox18下正常显示,并且稍作美化,更改为随机的字体色彩和黑色背景。
这两个函数的含义是不言自明的,必要的html/css知识是需要的。[^1]
def makeHTMLbox(body, width):
"""takes one long string of words and a width(px) then put them in an HTML box"""
boxStr = """<div style=\"width: %spx;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border: 1px grey solid;text-align: center; overflow: hidden;\">%s</div>
"""
return boxStr % (str(width), body)
def makeHTMLword(body, fontsize):
"""take words and fontsize, and create an HTML word in that fontsize."""
#num = str(random.randint(0,255))
# return random color for every tags
color = 'rgb(%s, %s, %s)' % (str(random.randint(0, 255)), str(random.randint(0, 255)), str(random.randint(0, 255)))
# get the html data
wordStr = '<span style=\"font-size:%spx;color:%s;float:left;\">%s</span>'
return wordStr % (str(fontsize), color, body)
Now, it’s time to get the proper html files of the tag cloud!
# get the html data first
wd = {}
s = cmd2string(filename)
wd = string2dict(s, wd)
vkl = [(k, v) for k, v in wd.items() if v >= omitnumber and len(k) > omitlen] # kick off less used cmd
words = ""
for w, c in vkl:
words += makeHTMLword(w, int(c * fontScale + basescale))
html = makeHTMLbox(words, boxsize)
# dump it to a file
with open(filename.split('.')[0] + '.' + 'html', 'wb') as f:
f.write(html)
将以上内容写到一个文件中,命名为比如说tagcloud.py
:
python2 tagcloud.py hist.txt # `import sys` and let filename = sys.argv[1]
# or `run tagcloud.py hist.txt` in ipython
看看效果吧:
相当棒不是么?[^2]
十八大报告标签云
为了深刻领会党的十八大大会精神^3,我做了下我党的十八大报告标签云:
先从网上找到总书记的十八大报告全文,保存为shibada.txt
:
中文分词有个相当不错的python库jieba
将单词保存到一个字典中
import jieba
with open('shibada.txt','r') as f:
s = f.read()
wg = jieba.cut(s, cut_all=True)
wd = {}
for w in wg:
if w not in wd:
wd[w] = 1
else:
wd[w] += 1
生成html数据:
for w, c in vkl:
words += makeHTMLword(w, int(c * fontScale + basescale))
html = makeHTMLbox(words, boxsize)
htmlzh = unicode.encode(html,'UTF-8') # Important!
# dump it to a file
with open(filename.split('.')[0] + '.' + 'html', 'wb') as f:
f.write(htmlzh)
嗯……深刻领会了十八大精神^4。
What’s more
可以将标签云移植到博客上。
Footnotes
[^1]:抱歉……我忘记python怎么将长行划分了\
or \\
?
[^2]:emerge 乱入……